Tuesday, December 15, 2015

Supporting the Needs of All Learners

Introduction


Prior MATLT Activity of Program Learning Outcome


Principles and Theory Chosen and Why


Challenges and How Were Overcome


Solving Problems


Conclusion


Original 


Supporting the Needs of All Learners


According to Richard M. Felder and Rebecca Brent (2005), students have different levels of motivation, different attitudes about teaching and learning, and different responses to specific classroom environments and instructional practices. When instructors thoroughly understand the differences, they will have a better chance of meeting the diverse learning needs of all their students. Therefore, three categories of diversity that have been shown to have important implications for teaching and learning are differences in students’ learning styles (characteristic ways of taking in and processing information); approaches to learning (surface, deep, and strategic); and intellectual development levels (attitude about the nature of knowledge and how it should be acquired and evaluated).


First, personal experiences and learning in prior courses have enhanced my knowledge in understanding the importance of designing, in order to, to support the needs of all students. As educators, it is important to understand that not all students learn on the same level, nor do all students have the same learning styles. They have different backgrounds, strengths, weaknesses, interests, levels of motivation, and approaches to the learning environment.  However, teaching methods vary. Some teachers mainly lecture, while others model instruction or activities using a variety of tools to meet the needs of all learners. Students may be auditory leaners, visual leaners, and kinesthetic learners, therefore, learning styles are definitely different since students are diverse learners in the learning environment.  As an educator I learned to incorporate the use of differentiated instruction in the learning environment to provide opportunities for all learners. For instance, in my place of employment, we review test scores, observations and assessments to assess students’ progress on an academic task and we are able to pin- point the student’s strength and weaknesses.


Second, we, as educators, have utilized a variety of teaching tools and instructional strategies which can be used for delivering learning experiences. Some of these include, the Internet, Computers, videos, Power Points, blogs, and Smart Boards in the classroom environment. The results from those observations, assessments and feedbacks, in the classroom, have aided in improving our performances, skills, and behavioral issues. In addition, students and teachers were both beneficial in the end results of data collected. Likewise, there is a great appreciation for the feedback received in these situations. As an educator, it helps to build on the classroom instructional strategies, as well as, help students improve their academic process. This method, not only, improves my way of bringing the lesson to my students, but it helps me to be able to do interventions to make sure all of my students’ needs are being met.


The main challenge I faced with this assignment is the fear and uncertainty.  As a student, I can truly understand how my students feel when there is that burden of not knowing or do not get the correct understanding of an assignment. Since my course of study, I have gained a lot of knowledge and understanding of using educational technology for the learning environment. I love working with my hands, and redesigning one of my prior assignments.


This sounds wonderful and would be absolutely grand if there were no doubts. However, I chose to make a Power Point on a lesson at my place of employment, where I work with Pre-K students. In this lesson, we are teaching them about the plant life cycle, which happens to be pumpkins. It’s that time of the year when our students get excited about Halloween. Based on this, I read back over my principles and theories to see if they were in line with the activity that I chose for this assignment. I could clearly see the connection with the assignment and the redesigned Power Point of the Connect Dot Activity that I used with the students.  I, also, was able to discover the need to keep students more engaged in the activity for learning purposes rather than allowing them to think it was for pleasure or fun. The lesson was all about the students understanding of how plants grow.


In conclusion, the personal experiences and learning in prior courses have given me more knowledge and understanding of the importance of designing instructional strategies to support the needs of all students. I am coming away from this course of study with an understanding that not all students learn the same way nor do they share the same learning styles. I am leaving this course with an understanding that instructional strategies must meet the needs of all learners regardless of their ethnicity. As an educator I gained a broader knowledge of incorporating different instructional strategies in the learning environment to provide opportunities for all learners.
                                           REFERENCE


Richard M. Felder & Rebecca Brent (2005). Understanding Student Differences. Journal of


          Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72.

Ethical Practices of Technology Usage

Ethical Practices of Technology Usage
The redesigned activity I chose using instructional design principles and theory is “Bullying in the Classroom”. School bullying can be described as one student bullying or targeting a specific student with the intent to do harm to the individual. The assignment was meant to educate individuals about bullying and cause them to become aware of the signs and the effect of bullying. I chose the topic because it is very dear to my heart. I have had several students over the years discussing issues about their encounters with individuals bullying them in the classroom setting and or the Internet. As I reflect on the bullying of students in the classroom setting, one can easily tie these two design principles (Learners build personal interpretation of the world based on experiences and interactions & knowledge acquisition is described as a mental activity that entails internal coding and structuring by the learner) to the situation of bullying. Bullying issues have become a problem for many, specifically, students who are easily influenced by their peers, because they tend to learn and adapt to behaviors that are inappropriate.
The theory which stands out to me is G. Karesely Cognitive Flexibility Theory. Karesley, (2000) cognitive flexibility theory, focuses on the nature of learning in complex and ill-structured domains and separates itself from many theories because it deals with the acquisition of advanced knowledge.  Spiro and Jehng (1990) states, “by cognitive flexibility, we mean the ability to spontaneously restructure one’s knowledge, in many ways, in adaptive response to radically changing situational demands… this is a function of both the way knowledge is represented (e. g., along multiple rather than conceptual dimensions) and the processes that operates on these mental representations (e. g., processes of schema assembly rather than intact schema retrieval)” (p. 165.).  Cognitive flexibility theory is a learning theory that enables teachers to promote the use of educational technologies in the learning process, as well as, allow students to dig deeper into the complexities associated with the educational curriculum. In my opinion, if students are educated on the facts of bullying or being the bully, they will be able to build on their prior knowledge and reorganize their thoughts to use technology to help with the learning environment instead of using it in a negative way toward their peers or fellow colleagues. Students will learn to respect others rights as an individuals no matter what choices he or she may make in life.
The challenges experienced during the redesign process is second guessing my work. My fear mode kicks in and I began to panic. I will not give in, even though, I find myself in a few rough spots. I have this fear of not doing the correct quotations (APA Style) and design when putting together my Power Point. I will continue the task no matter what the end results may come out to be. I find myself in a bind many times but, I will not give up on my education. I know there will be many challenges that will be more difficult than others, but, I have the will to continue and beat the odds and work even harder toward my goal to, which is, to complete the Master’s program. The more I go back and work with some of the tools the work is better. I am able to designed the Power Point better the second time around. I can see where I made mistakes in the activity with hope they were corrected with finishing the activity.
REFERENCE
Kearsley, G. (n.d.). Cognitive flexibility theory. Retrieved September 7, 2002, from E
          Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database Web
Meridian: Winter 2001. A Middle School Computer Technologies. Journal a Service of NC        State University, Raleigh, NC Vol (4), Issue (1).  Retrieved from
Ribble, M. (2015). Digital awareness: Using technology appropriately. Retrieved from
Spiro, R, J. & Jehng, J. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and
technology for the non-linear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. D. Nix & R. Spiro (Eds.), Cognition, Education, and Multimedia. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.






Saturday, December 12, 2015

Introduction


Applied Research Topic

Introduction


Prior MATLT Activity of Program Learning Outcome


Principles and Theory Chosen and Why


Challenges and How Were Overcome


Solving Peoblems


Conclusion


Reflections on Using Social Media in Education

Introduction


Prior MATLT Activity of Program Learning Outcome


Principles and Theory Chosen and Why


Challenges and How Were Overcome


Solving Peoblems


Conclusion

Supporting Learning and Leadership with Technology



Introduction
The MATLT prior activity of my choice which demonstrates attainment of Program Learning Outcome eight and demonstrates the ability to make informed decisions regarding the use of technology in support of learning and leadership. I will redesign week six final assignment to EDU 602 using instructional design principles and theory. Jay, 2011, states projects require an extensive amount of effort by students in an online course, general agreement exists among faculty that the team effort should be assessed, graded, and with feedback provided. The grading should represent both (1) the quality of the product developed jointly by team, as well as, (2) the degree of participation and quality of construction by each individual student involved in the group process. I will include an explanation of which principles and theory I chose and why. Additionally, I will include a discussion of any design and implementation challenges experienced during the redesign process.
Prior MATLT Activity of Program Learning Outcome 8
          I am discussing the Gardner’s Nine Intelligences of MI Theory. The link to my Bubbl.us: https://bubbl.us/?h=21a3e9/602795/22QqdTIOWoz5.&r=1296347137.  According to the article of Kezar (2001), the nine intelligences are as follows: 1). Visual/Spatial-children who learn best visually and organizing things spatially. They like to see what you are talking about in order to understand; 2). Verbal/Linguistic-children who demonstrate strength in the language arts: speaking, writing, reading, listening. These students will be successful in a traditional classroom; 3). Mathematically/Logical-children who display an aptitude for numbers, reasoning and problem solving; 4). Bodily/Kinesthetic-children who experience learning best through activity; game, movement, hand-on-tasks and building; 5). Musical/Rhythmic-children who learn well through songs, patterns, rhythms, instruments, and musical expression; 6). Intrapersonal-children who are especially in touch with their own feelings, values and ideas. These are children that are more reserved; 7). Interpersonal—children who are noticeable people oriented and outgoing and do their learning cooperatively in groups or with partner. These are children which are usually considered “talkative”; 8). Naturalist- children who love the outdoors, animals and field trips; 9). Existentialist- children who learn in the context of where humankind stands in the “big picture” of existence. They are the children that asks questions, “why” or ‘What”.  The writer thinks it important to apply MI theory to higher education. Also, that MI theory makes a distinctive contribution to our understanding of teaching and learning and that it should become a theory more commonly applied within in education research and practice.
Principles and Theory Chosen and Why
          I will address ways in which children learn according to the nine Intelligences MI theory. When using the nine intelligences, one must incorporate differentiate instruction due to each child’s level of and learning styles.  Children must have different method of bring their instruction to the class due to some students may be visual, auditory or kinesthetic learners. Students are coming from very diverse communities and its important t o meets the needs of all students.
Challenges and How They Were Overcome
          The area of using technology is where I am not so good in and I have great concerns. Working with the PBWorks, Twitter, and Delicious Accounts were my weakness lies. The web sites where new to me, first time exposure.  I have very little knowledge of using the Internet for some of these sites. I was totally lost and my fear mode kicked in. The most challenging part of this program is using the correct APA format and the fear of not understanding what some of the assignment were asking. The professor provided this class with a template to write out a good redesign, but I still had problems getting the concept.  The uncertainty was truly making me want to give up because I just knew there was no way for me to make it through this course. I am one of those students that rely on face-to-face setting. I am determine not to give in to my fears, therefore, I am using all the pointer my instructor provided for this course to continue to pull my grade up and be successful in this program.


Solving Problems


          The problem was letting my fears take control of my thoughts of and being hesitant about completing this course because this is the second attempt of completing this course prior to graduation. I appreciated the format for the outcomes it helps to make writing less complicated. Using this template has helped the build on my writing skills and gives that assurance I can do this work. It may take a little longer but I can complete the assignments.


Conclusion


          In conclusion, I selected a previous MATLT activity and redesigned the assignment to display knowledge of the PLO eight. In the redesign activity I gave example of the principle and theories. However, I discussed the challenges involved with redesigning this assignment and the ways in which I chose to resolve the problem connected with the challenge. The end results will be achieving success using good teaching practices such as Gardner’s Nine MI Theory education learning environment.


REFERENCE


Jay, H. (2011) Assessment of Individual Student Performance in Online Team Project


            Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, Vol 15 (3) p5-20.


Kezar, A. (2001) Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Implication for Higher Education.


            Innovative Higher Education. 26(2).  141.




                                                                       Original


Nine Multiple Intelligences
According to Dr. Howard Gardner, human have nine different kinds of intelligence that reflect different ways of interacting with the world.  Each person has a unique combination or profile. Although we each have all nine intelligences, no two individuals have them in the same exact configuration, similar to our fingerprints. Intelligences and intelligence preferences also relate to individuals learning preferences.  While learning styles are often viewed as more acquired and flexible, intelligence preference models present intelligence as more fixed and inborn.   One of Gardner’s goals is to help educators understand both the presence and value of all his proposed intelligences in students.
According to the video of Dr. Gardner, it states the idea of multiple intelligences comes out of psychology.  It’s a theory that was developed to document the facts that human beings have very different kinds of intellectual strengths and that these strengths are very, very important in how children learn and how people represent things in their minds, and then how people use them in order to show what it is that they’ve understood (State of the Art (Producer), (1997). If everyone had the same kind of mind there would only be one kind of intelligence, then we could teach everybody the same thing in the same way and assess them in the same way, and that would be fair.
            However, my personal experience working with children over the past thirteen years has brought me to the realization that not every child learn on the same level nor does he or she has the same learning styles.  In my class setting students have different learning styles. I have the responsibility of making sure my classroom lesson plans were differentiated instructions to accommodate all individuals’ needs. There have been times when a student will needed one-on-one teaching. Students with visual impairments have unique educational needs which are most effectively met using a team approach or professionals, parents and students.  In order to meet their unique needs, students must have specialized services, books and materials in appropriate media (including Braille), as well as specialized equipment and technology to assure equal access to the core and specialized curricula, and to enable them to most effectively compete with their peers in school and ultimately in society.
Gardner’s intelligence is the ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a culture; a set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve problem in life; the potential for finding or creating solutions for problems, which involves gathering new knowledge.
Gardner’s Nine MI (no one intelligence is more important) with a curriculum of each: (Karten, 2011)
  • Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence: the capacity to use your whole body or parts of your body (your hands, your fingers, your arms) to solve a problem, make something, or put on some kind of production.  The most evident examples are people in athletics or the performing arts, particularly dancing or acting.(P. 33)
  • Existential Intelligence: the ability and proclivity to pose (and ponder) questions about life, death, and ultimate realities. .(P. 33)
  • Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand other people.  It’s an ability we all need, but is especially important for teacher, clinicians, salespersons, or politicians, anybody who deals with other people.(P. 33)
  • Intrapersonal Intelligence: having an understanding of yourself; knowing who you are, what you can do, what you want to do, how you react to things, which things to avoid, and which things to gravitate toward.  We are drawn to people who have a good understanding of themselves. They tend to know what they can and can’t do, and to know where to go if they need help (P. 33).
  • Linguistic Intelligence: the capacity to use language to express what’s on your mind and to understand other people.  Any kind of writer, orator, speaker lawyer, or other person for whom language is an important stock in trade has great linguistic intelligence (P. 33).
  • Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: the capacity to understand the underlying principles of some kind of causal system,  the way a scientist or a logician does; or to manipulate numbers, quantities, and operations, the way a mathematician does (P. 33)
  • Musical Rhythmic Intelligence: the capacity to think in music; to be able to parts hears patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them.  People who have strong musical intelligence don’t just remember music easily, they can’t get it out of their minds, and it’s so omnipresent (P. 33)
  • Naturalist Intelligence: the ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) and sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as hunters, gathers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or chef (P. 33)
  • Spatial Intelligence: the ability to represent the spatial world internally in your mind, the way a sailor or airplane pilot navigates the large spatial, or the way a chess player or sculptor represents a more circumscribed spatial world.  Spatial intelligence can be used in the arts or in the science (P. 33)
    According to Gardner, there are multiple benefits to employing MI in your classroom.  The Multiple Intelligence classroom acts like the “real” world in that, for example, the author and the illustrator of a book or actor and the set builder in a play are equally valuable creators. An MI curriculum is designed to teach content by taking into account all nine intelligences.  Children become more engaged and involved learners.  An individual may wish to express his or her knowledge of that content in one of many different ways (i.e., puppetry, model making, class demonstrations, role play, games, songs, plays, etc). 
    The theory of MI proposes a major transformation in the way our schools are run.  It suggests that teachers be trained to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, and much more (Armstrong, 2011).  These are tools in which I have incorporated in my classroom at my place of employment.
                        REFERENCE
Armstrong, T. (2010). Multiple intelligences.  http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm
Karten, T. J. (2011). Inclusion strategies & Interventions. Solution Tree Press
Lever-Duffy, J. & McDonald, J. B. (2011). Teaching and learning with technology (4th
            ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc./Allyn & Bacon.
State of the Art (Producer). (1997). Big thinkers: Howard Gardner on multiple  intelligences [Video file]. Edutopia. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-
intelligences-howard-gardner-video

Assessment & Evaluation Using Technology




Introduction

As an educator, thorough research in the course of study for term assessment can be referred to in two different activities: the gathering of information, (measurement) and the use of information for institutional and individual improvement (evaluation).

Therefore, assessment is a process used to improve performance or outcome. As a result, evaluation is a process used to determine the quality of performance or outcome and to make decisions based on that quality. Both processes can be formative or summative. Upon completing prior courses in the Master’s program the Internet has become a valuable tool in the learning process. Further, experience as an educator shows that the use of assessments and evaluation provide feedback on knowledge skills, attitudes, and the learning outcome of students.

 Prior MATLT Activity of Program Learning Outcomes 6 and 7

            The redesign of MATLT activity that demonstrates the attainment of PLOs 6 and 7 by using technology resources to facilitate effective assessment and evaluation are as follows: (1) demonstrate competence in their major fields of study; and (2) demonstrate an understanding of service directed at meeting the needs of others. The Constructivist, Social, and Situational Theories give in detail of what is expected in each categories of theorian as it relate to learning environment of individuals.

Principles and Theory Chosen and Why

            The basic principles chosen for this assignment are as follows: learning can be detected by observing an organism over a period of time: and learners build personal interpretation of the world based on experiences and interactions.     As an educator, observing the learning experiences of students mimicking their peers, family members or teachers has given credence to the theory of Cognitive Flexibility which focuses on the nature of learning, in relation to, complex and ill-structured domains.

Challenges and How They Were Overcome

            The challenges experienced during the redesign process was interesting. I could easily see the mistakes of the first time I attempted to use the prior tools for any assignment. I did not let my fear of being unable to use the tools correctly get the best of me. I took a deep breath and decided to give it my all to complete this task and feel great about doing it. The assignment I chose to redesign was one on using Bubbl.us, which uses different technological tools, such as, blogs, Wikis, podcasts and other Web tools. I realized, I needed more practice using these tools, and I hate for anything to defeat me. I am not your everyday “tech savvy” individual, but I will give this my best work by putting extra time into using the different tools, extra practices and help. I, also, appreciate the feedback from my instructors and classmates. The feedback changed my attitude about using technology, and I also gained more confidence after seeing the end results and grades for the assignments. However, I am capable of designing programs that I once had a very hard time putting together, because the learning experience helped me to face my fears about using technology in the workforce. I embrace the use of technology in the learning environment and in my home and with more practice I am sure I can become more effective when using technology.

Solving Problems           

Conclusion

            In conclusion, assessment is a process to improve performance or outcome. Evaluation is a process to determine the quality of performance or outcome and make decision based on that quality. Data collections in schools are no surprise. For years, school districts have collected a vast array of student and institutional information, including such items as test scores, enrollment data, attendance data, budgets, AYP data, finance information and human resource data. According to Shen, J., Cooley, V. E., Ma, X., Reeves, P. L., Burt, W. L., Rainey, J. M., & Yuan, W. (2012), a principal’s ability to use data to monitor important school conditions, is itself, a condition that is associated with student and school success, however, a broader frame is needed to help principals achieve better accountability for the conditions in their schools that impinge upon student success. With the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB-Public Law 107-110), in addition to, the Race to the Top (RITT) provision of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (APRA-Section 14005-6, Title XIV, Public Law 1115-5), holding principals squarely accountable for student outcomes and school condition, implies that principals need better tools for monitoring their own work, especially the work of using data to monitor and inform the process of improving school-level conditions for raising student achievement. Using technology has been that tool to aid the school with some of those problems due to diversity.

References

Shen, J., Cooley, V. E., Ma, X., Reeves, P. L., Burt, W. L., Rainey, J. M., & Yuan, W. (2012).

Data-Informed Decision Making on High-Impact Strategies: Developing and Validating an Instrument for Principals. Journal of Experimental Education, 80(1), 1-25.